The Jebusites are also mentioned in the book of Judges. Scholars supporting the Jebusite Hypothesis include; Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters, "SHALEM (DEITY) the Anchor Bible Dictionary", http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/print.cgi?n=3384, http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/Jerusalem_ED_Sheets.FasFacts.pdf, https://books.google.com/books?id=73OtAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122, "Jerusalem Strife Echoes Ancient History", "Palestinians, Jebusites, and Evangelicals", "Light at the End of the Tunnel: Warren's Shaft Theory of David's Conquests Shattered", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jebusites&oldid=1119906880, This page was last edited on 4 November 2022, at 01:49. (Judges 3:1-7) One of Sauls other sons, Ishbosheth, ruled the other ten tribes and the two factions were at war for years. je'-bus, jeb'-u-si, jeb'-u-zit (yebhuc, ha-yebhuci): "Jebus" is an old name for Jerusalem (Jud 19:10,11; 1Ch 4:5 parallel 2Sa 5:6-9, "the same is Jerus"; see preceding article). This was usually done through animals such as oxen who were used to tread on the grain that was laid out over a "threshing-floor". Araunah means the lord in Hittite, and so most scholars, since they consider the Jebusites to have been Hittite, have argued that Araunah may have been another king of Jerusalem;[33] some scholars additionally believe that Adonijah is actually a disguised reference to Araunah, the (r) having been corrupted to (d). The Jebusites, who are identical with the Hittites, derived their name from the city of Jebus, the ancient Jerusalem, which they inhabited. ( 2Samuel 24:23 ; 1 Chronicles 21:24 1 Chronicles 21:25 ). of
Compare the two in the tabulation presented in the "Letters" section of the article. Who are the Philistines in the Bible? The Jews commonly say {a}, that Jeremiah wrote the book of the Kings, by which they mean this, and the following book; though very probably they were written by Ezra, since the history in them is carried down to the liberty granted to Jehoiachin in Babylon; but that Ezra was the writer of all the preceding historical books, and even of the . [26] According to the version of the story in the Masoretic Text, David managed to conquer the city by a surprise attack, led by Joab, through the water supply tunnels (Jerusalem has no natural water supply except for the Gihon Spring). The Dispossession of Nonvassals 1 When the Lord thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee, the Hittites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and mightier than thou; 2 And when the Lord thy God shall deliver them before . His solution? [3], The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem[4] has been disputed, principally by Niels Peter Lemche. The "Jebusite" is said in Genesis 10:16; 1 Chronicles 1:14 to be the 3rd son of Canaan, i.e. Despite the political unification, we can easily imagine the resentments between tribes after years of violence. Both the Moabites and the Ammonites occupied the surrounding land on the eastern border of Israel, east of the Dead Sea. In the womb, Esau and Jacob struggled together, and God told their mother, Rebekah, that they would become two nations, with the older one serving the younger ( Genesis 25:23 ). Nu 13:29; 1Sa 15:7; 27:8 Their wealth consisted in flocks and herds. According to the Bible, the Israelite history of the city began in c. 1000 BCE, with King David's sack of Jerusalem, following which Jerusalem became the City of David and capital of the United Kingdom of Israel. Humans couldnt change the situation; no hope, no way forward. Afterward, the clans of the Canaanites dispersed." What Does the Word "Amorites" Mean? JEBUS, JEBUSITE (Heb. the claim in the Masoretic Text could simply be a scribal error; the Septuagint version of the passage states that the Israelites had to attack the Jebusites with their dagger[s] rather than through the water shaft. The Jebusites were a Semitic people who lived in the city of Jebus in the land of Canaan. The Jebusites were a proud and warlike people, and they fiercely defended their city against the Israelites. He has a podcast about the Kingdom of God called Kingdom Over Coffeeand is a published author withSay Yes: How God-Sized Dreams Take Flight. God gave them an important commandment "When the LORD your God brings you into the land you are entering to possess and drives out before you many nationsthe Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than . Today, the Jebusites are a small, but distinct, group of people who live in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. How Can I Make a Difference with My Life? [17] Moreover, the last Jebusite king of Jerusalem, Araunah/Arawna/Awarna (or Ornan),[18] bore a name generally understood as based on the Hurrian honorific ewir.[19]. The city was then renamed Jerusalem and became the capital of the Israelite kingdom. [6], The Sumero-Akkadian name for Jerusalem, uru-salim,[7] is variously etymologised to mean "foundation of [or: by] the god Shalim": from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found, to lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of the setting sun and the nether world, as well as of health and perfection. They are of Arab descent, and they practice Islam. However, when Joshua finally led the nation of Israel through the Jordan and into the land of Canaan, the Jebusites were one group of people he couldnt remove. INT: the Canaanites the Hivites and the Jebusites will completely. David, a man after Gods own heart, did the impossible. Ever since its discovery in the 19th century, Warren's Shaft, part of a system which connects the spring to the city, has been cited as evidence for the plausibility of such a line of attack; however, the discovery, at the turn of the 21st century, of a set of heavy fortifications, including towers, around the base of the Warren's Shaft system and the spring, has made archaeologists now regard this line of attack as implausible, as it would be an attack against one of the most heavily fortified parts, and hardly a surprise. Today we call that Jewish Bible the "Old Testament." According to the Second Book of Samuel, the Jebusites still had control of Jerusalem at the time of King David, but David wished to take control of the city. From Biblical History & Civilization. Or so they thought. The Medival French Rabbi Rashi believed that Melchizedek was another name for Shem, son of Noah, despite Abraham's supposed descent from the line of Shem's son Arphaxad. Conquer a city that belongs to neither. [16], In the Amarna letters, mention is made that the contemporaneous king of Jerusalem was named Abdi-Heba, which is a theophoric name invoking a Hurrian mother goddess named Hebat. Jesus also established a New Jerusalem, what Paul calls the Jerusalem from above, the kingdom of God, contrasted with the one below (Galatians 4:26). Britt Mooney (with his amazing wife, Becca) has lived as a missionary in Korea, traveled for missions to several countries, and now lives in Suwanee GA as a church planter that works bi-vocationally with Phoenix Roasters, a missional coffee company. [24][pageneeded][14]. Both the . Let's go back, way back, to the 1st century AD. The Jebusites ( / dbjsats /; Hebrew: , Modern: Yevs, Tiberian: Ys ISO 259-3 Ybusi) were, according to the books of Joshua and Samuel from the Hebrew Bible, a Canaanite tribe that inhabited Jerusalem, then called Jebus (Hebrew: ) prior to . These two half-brothers would become two powerful nations. Josh 12:10 was sacked and burned by the men of Judah, ( Judges 1:21 ) and its citadel finally scaled and occupied by David. The Jebusites were one of the nations living in Canaan at the time of Joshua. [34][bettersourceneeded] The argument originated from Cheyne, who, prior to knowledge of the Hittite language, proposed the reverse. [38], According to classical rabbinical literature, the Jebusites derived their name from the city of Jebus, the ancient Jerusalem, which they inhabited. They were Jews, and because they were Jews, they were using the Jewish Bible. Corruption by the Fall put the world under the power of Satan. [14] However, an increasingly popular view, first put forward by Edward Lipinski, professor of Oriental and Slavonic studies at the Catholic University of Leuven, is that the Jebusites were most likely an Amorite tribe; Lipinski identified them with the group referred to as Yabusi'um in a cuneiform letter found in the archive of Mari, Syria. What is the book of Nehemiah in the Bible about? They were defeated by Joshua, and their king was slain; but they were not entirely driven out of Jebus till the time of David, who made it the capital of his kingdom instead of Hebron. _VER._ 63. The Bible describes them as fierce and warlike people who were resistant to the Israelites attempts to conquer their city. Being dwellers in the land of Canaan before the Israelites took possession of it, the Girgashites are listed among the groups of people that the Lord promised to drive out ( Deuteronomy 7:1-2; Joshua 3:10 ). Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. However, the Israelites failed to completely drive out the Jebusites, and they continued to live in Jerusalem alongside the Israelites. The land of Moab was sandwiched between two other nations, their brother tribe of Ammon in . Most modern archaeologists[who?] David saw an angel on Araunahs property and bought the threshing floor. Bible Dictionaries - Easton's Bible Dictionary - Jebusites, Bible Dictionaries - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Jebusites, Inspirational Bible Verses and Scripture Quotes, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. [42][bettersourceneeded] Professor Eric H. Cline of the George Washington University Anthropology Department asserts that a general consensus exists among historians and archeologists that modern Palestinians are "more closely related to the Arabs of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Jordan, and other countries" than to the Jebusites, and that they lack any significant connection to them. He stands between Heth and the Amorite (compare Numbers 13:29; Joshua 11:3; Ezekiel 16:3,15 ). Answer When God promised to give Abraham a land for his descendants, it was described as being inhabited by many tribes, including the Jebusites ( Genesis 15:18-21 ). There is no evidence that they survive today. The Jebusites seem ultimately to have blended with the Israelite population. "[44], sfn error: no target: CITEREFKillebrew2005 (. It's not clear whether the Jebusites were ethnically diverse or whether they were a . Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. Now, living in the Messiah, where is the sting or victory of death (1 Corinthians 15)? Tudhaliya IV (1237-1209 B.C.E.) The Son of God defeated death, the grave, and the Devil, mocking all spiritual accusers and enemies (Colossians 2:15). The Bible continues in Genesis 10:16-18 to say Canaan also fathered "the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. of the country of Canaan. To what race the Jebusites belonged is doubtful. Jerusalem. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. When Jerusalem was taken by David, the lives and property of its Jebusite inhabitants were spared, and they continued to inhabit the temple-hill, David and his followers settling in the new City of David on Mt. Elsewhere he represents a tribe separate from the Canaanites. They began to intermarry with the other Gentile tribes, and the Jebusites were still living in the area. The first time that Jerusalem was mentioned in the Bible when its king, Adonizedek, lead the Jebusites along with the people from nearby cities to fight against Joshua; a war he eventually lost and in which he was killed. The Jebusites were a tribe who lived in the land of Canaan, in the area later known as Jerusalem. Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. David then designated that site as the future place for Solomons Temple (2 Samuel 24:18-25). The Jebusites were eventually defeated and driven out by the Israelites. Judges 1:21 portrays the Jebusites as continuing to dwell at Jerusalem, within the territory otherwise occupied by the Tribe of Benjamin. This implies that the Jebusites were either Hurrians themselves, or were heavily influenced by Hurrian culture, or were dominated by a Hurrian maryannu class (i.e., a Hurrian warrior-class elite). Ezra made the Israelites repent of the intermarriage with the Gentiles (Ezra 9:1). Proud member
"[41], There is no historical, genetic, cultural, or archaeological evidence to support the claim of Jebusite-Palestinian continuity. The Israelites were instructed by God to drive the Jebusites out of the Promised Land and destroy their city. In this genius political move, David now possessed a capital that all twelve tribes could feel ownership in. Discover the meanings of thousands of Biblical names in Abarim Publications' Biblical Name Vault: Jebusite Jebusite meaning The name Jebusite: Summary Meaning Of The Trodden Underfoot, The Down Tramplers Etymology From the verb ( bus ), to trample down. ( Genesis 10:16 ; 1Chronicles 1:14 ) The actual people first appear in the invaluable report of the spies. Jesus was the literal presence of God (the purpose and function of the Ark of the Covenant) and submitted himself unto death outside of Jerusalem, rising again on the third day. He conquered the city of Jebus/Jerusalem, making the city his capital, also calling it the City of David (2 Samuel 5:6-10, 1 Chronicles 11:4). The Jebusites were a Canaanite tribe who lived in the city of Jebus. The name Jebusite is derived from the Biblical name for Jerusalem, which was Yebua in the Amarna letters. The Jebusites were a remnant of the Canaanite tribes God commanded Joshua to remove when the Israelites invaded and inhabited the Promised Land. Ultimately, though, the Jebusites did hold on to their fortress city since it was in a hill country and had the high ground (Joshua 15:63). Archaeology and the Bible give different answers. According to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, the Jebusites were descended from Noah's son Ham, through his son Canaan. He cant use Sauls capital, or hed insult the Judeans. The Jebusites believed that their city was impregnable and they were not afraid of the Israelites. Richard Hess[20] (1997:346) points to four Hurrian names in the Bible's Conquest narrative: Piram, king of Jarmuth and Hoham, king of Hebron (Jos 10:3), and Sheshai and Talmai, sons of Anak (Jos 15:14) with Hurrian-based names. Joshua defeated Adonizedek, the king of the Jebusites (Joshua 10:5). They were conquered by the Israelites under King David but remained a distinct people and culture within the Kingdom of Israel. Death is a unifying problem and issue for all people (Jew or Gentile). Thus, the 1978 Al-Mawsu'at Al-Filastinniya (Palestinian encyclopedia) asserted, "The Palestinians [are] the descendants of the Jebusites, who are of Arab origin", and described Jerusalem as "an Arab city because its first builders were the Canaanite Jebusites, whose descendants are the Palestinians. [14] According to Genesis, the ruler of Salem in the time of Abraham was Melchizedek (also Melchizedeq), and that as well as being a ruler, he was also a priest. Canaanites were a Semitic people and so they would have had dark skin, black hair, and brown eyes. Araunah, a Jebusite, sold his threshing floor to David after the end of the plague sent to punish Davids pride. But he thought maybe breaking the four-minute mile wasnt impossible. 2 Within their territory lay the cave of Machpelah, which Abraham wished to buy. Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible. But they said to him: "We know that God will give this country to your descendants. David defeats the city of Jebus and the Jebusites in 1003 BC (2 Samuel 5:6-10, 1 Chronicles 11:4), and makes Jerusalem the capital of Israel, now unified again. All rights reserved. Later, Joshua is described as defeating a Jebusite king named Adonizedek. [21] In Exodus, the "good and large land, flowing with milk and honey" which was promised to Moses as the future home of the oppressed Hebrew people included the land of the Jebusites. On the other hand, he cant put the capital in a Judean city like Hebron and show favoritism. First Century Israel Map - The Bible does not give a physical description of the Jebusites, but we know they were a Canaanite tribe who inhabited the city of Jerusalem before it was conquered by the Israelites. He wasnt a professional or Olympic athlete. Roman Empire Map - The Jebusites also play a role in the story of David, who was said to have captured Jerusalem from them. At the time of the arrival of the Israelites in Palestine they were ruled by Adonizedek (Josh. Now, if you will make a covenant with us . All humanity is under sin, and therefore, every human being is subject to death as a final end. He wasnt a king anyone wanted to challenge. At that time the . [27] The account in 1 Chronicles mentions the advantage of a speedy attack but does not mention use of the water shafts [28] and according to many textual scholars[who?] "Jebusites," for the people (in the King James Version Ge 15:21; Ex 3:8,17, etc. 1 Kings 9:20 And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which were not of the children of Israel, 21 Their children that were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel also were not able utterly to destroy, upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bondservice unto this day. Jesus proved himself God, victorious, and his message true through his death and resurrection. They are mentioned several times in the Bible, most notably in the book of Joshua. Abraham tithed from his plunder and victory to Melchizedek. The "Jebusite" is said in Ge 10:16; 1Ch 1:14 to be the 3rd son of Canaan, i.e. The "r" is similar to Greek delta with the right side of the triangle considerably extended below the base. An example of these records are the Amarna letters, several of which were written by the chieftain of Jerusalem Abdi-Heba and call Jerusalem either Urusalim (URU -ru-sa-lim) or Urualim (URU -ru-a10-lim) (1330s BCE). The Bible does not give a specific reason as to why the Jebusites lived there, but it is speculated that they were drawn to the city because of its strategic location. The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem is sometimes disputed by scholars. The Jebusites were a mountain tribe (Nu 13:29; Jos 11:3). The Jebusites were a remnant of the Canaanite tribes God commanded Joshua to remove when the Israelites invaded and inhabited the Promised Land. Ishbosheth was killed, and David was made king over all twelve tribes of Israel. The city of Jebus was located on a hill and was surrounded by high walls. In the Tell el-Amarna Letters (1400 BC) Jerusalem is still known as Uru-Salim, and its king bears a Hittite name, implying that it was at the time in the possession of the Hittites. The Jebusites descended from Jebus, the third son of Canaan, or Jebuseus according to Josephus. They are mentioned several times in the Bible, most notably in the book of Joshua. After King Saul and his son, Jonathan, were killed in battle with the Philistines, David was crowned king of the tribe of Judah but not the whole nation of Israel. The First Book of Chronicles states that the inhabitants of Jebus forbade King David from coming to Jerusalem shortly after he was made king. Now runners and athletes routinely cover a mile in under four minutes. He stands between Heth and the Amorite (compare Nu 13:29; Jos 11:3; Eze 16:3,15). The four-minute mile. The Jebusites were a Canaanite tribe who lived in the city of Jerusalem before it was conquered by the Israelites. To most Israelis it is axiomatic that the celebrations for the 3,000th anniversary of the conquest of Jerusalem by King David mark a real and tangible event; but this is far from certain. Jesus was the Son of David, the Messiah, king and priest. Melchizedek, as a priest as well as king, was likely to have been associated with a sanctuary, probably dedicated to Zedek, and scholars suspect that the Temple of Solomon was simply a natural evolution of this sanctuary. Finally, as documented in the Old Testament book of Ezra, the Israelite exiles returned to Jerusalem. ( Joshua 11:3 ) "Jebus, which is Jerusalem," lost its king in the slaughter of Beth-horon, ( Joshua 10:1 Joshua 10:5 Joshua 10:26 ) comp. The Bible is the holy scripture of the Christian religion, purporting to tell the history of the Earth from its earliest creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.D. KJV: the Hivite, and . At the time of the arrival of the Israelites in Palestine they were ruled by Adonizedek ( Joshua 10:1 Joshua 10:23 ). ( Numbers 13:29 ) When Jabin organized his rising against Joshua, the Jebusites joined him. The Jebusites lived in the city of Jebus in the land of Canaan. The Jebusites were known for their skill in stone-cutting and architecture, as well as their worship of the god Baal. Some scholars reckon Jebus to be a different place from Jerusalem; other scholars prefer to see the name of Jebus as a kind of pseudo-ethnic name without any historical background. His name is non-Sem, and the various spellings of it (compare 1Ch 21:15, "Ornan") indicate that the Hebrew writers had some difficulty in pronouncing it. The tribe was eventually conquered by the Israelites, but there is no evidence that they survive today. [14], The rabbis of the classical era go on to state that King David was prevented from entering the city of Jebus for the same reason, and so he promised the reward of captaincy to anyone who destroyed the bronzes Joab performing the task and so gaining the prize.
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